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Erikson, Tomlin, Swain - 2268 Words

Erikson, Tomlin, and Swain Michelle Gilliland Northern Kentucky University Nursing Theory NRP 434 Cindy Foster February 07, 2013 Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain The Modeling and Role Modeling Theory of nursing was created by Helen C. Erickson, along with Evelyn M. Tomlin and Mary Ann P. Swain. It was first published in their book, Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing, which was published in 1983. (Nursing Theory, 2011). Helen Lorraine (Cook) Erickson was born in 1936. On her marriage to Lance Erickson in 1957, the psychiatrist Milton Erickson became her father-in-law; he was a major influence on her nursing career and pivotal to the development of her ideas, especially the concept of MRM. In addition to†¦show more content†¦The theory was born from the concept of holism, stating that humans have a number of interacting subsystems with inherent bases (Erickson, Tomlin, amp; Swain, 1983). The common definitions of modeling and role modeling are used differently. The term modeling assumes that each individual, based on his or her past experiences and impressions, has a unique model of the world. Modeling is the process used by the nurse to understand the patients world from that unique perspective. This information is aggregated and analyzed to plan interventions. Role-modeling follows as the nurses facilitation of the patient to meet the interventions and goals that were determined from th e modeling process (Erickson, 1983). The theory describes modeling and role-modeling as both a science and an art. The science involves aggregation and analysis of the patient information and the art requires communication skills and the ability to make individualized interventions. (Erickson, 1983). To achieve a true state of health, nurses must facilitate health that speaks to all areas of a persons needs. In doing this the nurse may also feel fulfilled, as Erickson claims to be; she describes fully accepting patients and providing nurturance as the meaning of her life (Peterson amp; Bredow, 2009). Self-care in Modeling and Role-Modeling includes self-care knowledge, resources, and action. Other important concepts areShow MoreRelatedBackground: Humor, Laughter And Play Have Been Therapeutic1162 Words   |  5 Pagesinterventions, such as humor therapy, into nursing education is recommended. Method: A holistic approach is recommended when using humor therapy in healthcare, nurturing the patient’s mind, body, and spirit. The Modeling and Role Modeling Theory by Erikson, Tomlin, and Swain focuses on the nurse’s view of the patient as an individual, and care is directed towards the patient’s unique personality and viewpoint (Hertz, 2015). Conclusion: The outcomes of adult patients can improve will the use of therapeuticRead MoreThe Use Of Herbal Supplements, Vitamins, And Treatment1614 Words   |  7 Pagesnurses can add alternative/complementary therapies into patient care. To support her main idea, she discussed theories that helped build some of the conceptual framework used today. For example, she spoke about a theory that was introduced by Erikson, Tomlin, and Swain called â€Å"role-modeling†. The article went on to explain when â€Å"role modeling† the nurse plans interventions that will influence health behaviors consistent with the client’s views along with focusing on the client s needs (Frisch, 2001a)

Marketing Concept Summary Free Essays

Summary Definition of Marketing Marketing is not manipulating consumers to get them to buy products they do not want and it is not just selling and advertising. Marketing is a group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Marketing facilitates the exchange, the act of giving up one thing in return for something else. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Concept Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The central focus of marketing is to satisfy needs. Example) People is willing to exchange their â€Å"something of value-money or credit-for soft drinks, football tickets, or new shoes because you consider those product more valuable or more important than holding on to your cash or credit potential. Functions of Marketing Marketing includes many varied and interrelated activities; buying, selling transporting, storing, grading, financing, marketing research, and risk taking. (Example) Fresh oranges are only available for a few months annually, but consumers demand juice throughout the entire year. Seller must arrange for cold storage of orange juice concentrate so that they can maintain a steady supply all of the time. Creating Value with Marketing Marketing creates value, which is an important element of managing long-term customer relationships and implementing the marketing concept. Value is a customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Also you can read this summary –  Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus The Marketing concept The marketing concept is the idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its goals. If a company does not implement the marketing concept by providing products that consumers need and want while achieving its own objectives, it will not survive. (Example) McDonald’s faces increasing pressure to provide more healthful fast-food choices. To keep pace with the customers’ needs, it has eliminated supersized fries and soft drinks and put nutritional information on its food packaging. It also switched to trans-fat-free cooking oils. Although customer satisfaction is the goal of the marketing concept, a business must also achieve its own objectives, such as boosting productivity, reducing costs, or achieving a percentage of a specific market. If it does not, it will not survive. (Example) Dell sold computer for $50 and give customers a lifetime guarantee, which would be great for customers but not so great for Dell. To implement the marketing concept, a firm must have good information about what consumers want, adopt a consumer orientation, and coordinate its efforts through the entire organization. Developing a Marketing Strategy A marketing strategy is a plan of action for creating a marketing mix (product, price, distribution, promotion) for a specific target market (a specific group of consumers on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts). Some firms use a total-market approach, designating everyone as the target market. Most firms divide the total market into segments of people who have relatively similar product needs. A company using a concentration approach develops one marketing stratagem for a single market segment, whereas a multi-segment approach aims marketing efforts at wo or more segments, developing a different marketing stratagem for each. (Example of a total-market approach) Salt, sugar, and many agricultural products (Example of market segmentation) Woman, Hispanic, and minority population Key Points and Terms Marketing A group of activities designed to expedite transactions by creating, distributing, pricing, and promoting goods, services, and ideas. Exchange The act o f giving up one thing (money, credit, labor, goods) in return for something else (goods, services, or ideas) Value A customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product. (Customer Value = Customer Benefits – Customer Costs) Marketing Concept The idea that an organization should try to satisfy customers’ needs through coordinated activities that also allow it to achieve its own goals. Marketing Orientation An approach requiring organizations to gather information about customer needs, share that information throughout the firm, and use that information to help build long-term relationships with customers. Marketing Strategy A plan of action for developing, pricing, distributing, and promoting products that meet the needs of specific customers. Market A group of people who have a need, purchasing power, and the desire and authority to spend money on goods, services, and ideas. Target Market A specific group of consumes on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts. Total-Market Approach An approach whereby a form tries to appeal to everyone and assumes that all buyers have similar needs. Market Segmentation A strategy whereby a firm divides the total market into groups of people who have relatively similar product needs. Market Segment A collection of individuals, groups, or organizations who share one or more characteristics and thus have relatively similar product needs and desires. Concentration Approach A market segmentation approach whereby a company develops one marketing strategy for a single market segment. Multi-segment Approach A market segmentation approach whereby the marketer aims its efforts at two or more segments, developing a marketing strategy for each. How to cite Marketing Concept Summary, Papers

Patrick Henry V Benjamin Franklin free essay sample

There are however many differences as to the extent and what type of concessions these gentlemen ere willing to make. The Second Virginia Convention met March 20, 1775 inland at Richmondin what is now called SST. Johns Church. This is where Delegate Patrick Henry presented resolutions to raise a militia, and to furthermore put Virginia In a posture of defense. Henry Basically says In his speech that the colonists have tried to compromise already and It has had no effect. Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. (Henry) By reading this statement, Henrys feelings are fairly obvious. While he believes that other routes should be taken first, the colonists now have no other choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Patrick Henry V Benjamin Franklin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By analyzing this closer, It Is apparent that Henry believes In compromise, but there Is a very thin line on where It Is time to push forward. l have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, to change my opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. (Franklin) Benjamin Franklins opinion of opinions. What this statement shows, is a form of compromise.A change of opinion on an Important subject because of the Influence of another, Is a form of compromise. Franklin admits In the very beginning of his Speech that he Is very apt to do so. When we compare Henry and Franklin together, a few similarities are shown. There are however a lot of differences. One of the main things that has to be taken into consideration here, is the fact that these politicians are speaking at two different times in Americas history.If Franklin would have been speaking before the revolution occurred, he most likely would have been a lot more persistent and not wanting to compromise nearly as much. On the flip side, If Henry would have been speaking post-American revolution, he most likely would have been quite a bit more lax and not as prominent about the issue.

Comparison of Two Sequences

Comparison of Two Sequences The sequences taken from the films To Live and The Road Home can present a different use of formal elements; however, one can argue that both of them eloquently portray the despair of women who has lost people extremely dear to her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Two Sequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing and comparing the way in which different techniques are used by film-directors in effort to highlight the experiences of these characters. Close attention will be paid to such aspects as non-diegetic sounds, the movement of camera, and its distance since they help the authors to explore the feelings and emotions of people. They can be regarded as tools that evoke the empathy of a viewer. These are the main issues that should be examined in greater detail. One of the main similarities that can be identified is the use of non-diegetic sounds that play an important p art in both movies. They are supposed to intensify the visual effect of these sequences. The source of these sounds cannot be identified by the viewer and it cannot be attributed to any physical phenomenon that can be observed in the movie. Overall, they are supposed to highlight the emotions experienced by the female characters who have to accept the idea that their beloved ones can never be returned. They have to reconcile themselves with this idea. This argument is particularly applicable to the final shots in the sequence from the movie To Live. It seems that music prompts the viewers to feel even deeper compassion for a mother whose child passed away. The music reminds that the woman comes to the grave of her son and brings dumplings. This is one of the details that produce a strong impression on every person who watches this film. Similar approach can be observed in the film the Road Home. In this case, non-diegetic sounds are essential for demonstrating the despondency of a w oman who has to be departed by the man whom she loves. Close attention should be paid to the scene when she stumbles down and understands that her chase was futile. This is one of the similarities that can be identified in these sequences. Additionally, one should speak about the functioning of the camera, especially its distance. It is possible to choose those cases, when the directors prefer to take close and straight-on shots in order to emphasize the feeling of loss that the female characters had to overcome. This technique is particular useful when the director wants to show the facial expression of a person. It is possible to argue that in each of these sequences both music and camera distance are supposed to show the emotional distress that the female characters try to overcome. These are the main similarities that can be identified. The film-makers apply these techniques to make the scene much more vivid.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, there are certain differences that should be taken into consideration by the viewers. One can speak about the movement of camera in these sequences. One can say that the authors prefer to move the camera in different ways. For instance, one should mention that in the movie The Road Home the director decides to rely on tracking shots that are done with the help of a camera dolly. This technique is particularly suitable in those cases when one has to depict moving objects. It seems that this technique is quite justified because in this way the film-makers were able to illustrate the desperate effort of a girl who tries to catch up with her beloved. Moreover, the viewers can look at this character from different angles. Furthermore, this method makes the sequence more dynamic. This is one of the main distinctions that can be identified. In contrast, the movie To Live is based on a different techn ique. The cameraman focuses on the woman who mourns the loss of her son. This sequence consists of rather long shots that can last for approximately ten seconds. Furthermore, the camera is almost not moved in any way. Additionally, when a new shot is taken, the cameraman takes a sufficient amount of time to show the facial expressions of the characters and their jestures. Overall, these examples suggest that formal elements can help film-makers express very complex ideas. Additionally, one can say that by paying more attention to formal elements, viewers can gain a better understanding of these movies and the ideas that the authors attempted to express. The movies discussed in this paper can differ dramatically in terms of plot, genre, or cinematographic techniques. Nevertheless, each of these films shows that cinematography can explore the experiences of people who have to struggle with emotional distress. The sequences which were analyzed have several similarities. For example, on e can say that music and camera distances assist the film-makers in portraying the emotions and feeling of different characters. In turn, the movement of camera is one of the differences that can be identified in these sequences.

The Creation of a Homeschool Transcript

The Creation of a Homeschool Transcript As homeschool programs continue to grow in popularity, more and more questions arise about how to ensure that the educational experience of the child is valid respected by future educational institutions, such as colleges or secondary schools. This often means that the validity of the homeschool transcript, in particular, can come into question, and parents who are creating the programs need to make sure that their transcripts contain the necessary information to accurately reflect their child’s mastery of the material. While homeschool transcripts are, according to state law, considered to be equal to transcripts from public and private institutions, that doesn’t mean that any old transcript will do. Homeschool programs also need to properly address the state requirements for education. If you’re not completing the appropriate course of study, then your transcript isn’t going to help you. It’s important to be able to accurately reflect the course of study taken by your student, as well as how the student performed in her studies. While this all may seem confusing, it doesn’t have to be. Check out these helpful tips for creating a solid course of study and how to create a formal homeschool transcript. State Requirements for High School Graduation Whether you are considering a traditional classroom experience for middle school, high school, or college, it’s important that you know what your state’s requirements are for graduation. Your program of study should work towards meeting those goals and may even provide the opportunity for a student to progress within their studies more quickly than a traditional classroom.  The transcript is how you will document the fulfillment of these requirements. Start by making a list of the courses your child needs to take and create a plan for when and how these courses will be taught. This list can be used to start building your transcript. By addressing these core courses early, you have more flexibility when it comes to designing your program. If your child is excelling in math, for example, this could be an opportunity to provide high school level math courses earlier on, starting in middle school. This can be very helpful if you’re looking to transfer into a public or private high school in the future, or even just in preparation for college. It’s important to regularly check your state’s requirements, as there can be changes year to year, and you don’t want any surprises. If you move, you may find that your new home state doesnt have the same requirements as your previous one. Things you need to determine to include: Years of English (typically 4)Years of math (typically 3 to 4)Years of science (typically 2 to 3)Years of history/social studies (typically 3 to 4)Years of a second language (typically 3 to 4)Years of art (varies)Years of physical education and/or health (varies) You also need to determine if there are core courses that your child is expected take, such as U.S. History, World History, Algebra, and Geometry. Literature and composition courses are often required as well. Determining Grades With Assessments Your transcript needs to include grades, and how you determine those grades is important. As you teach, the program must address the core course requirements, and you should keep accurate records of student performance. By regularly giving quizzes, tests, and graded assignments, you have a way to assess your child’s performance quantitatively, and use those scores to create an average grade that will be used on your transcript. This helps you ensure that you’re adequately assessing skills and mastery, and gives you a way to benchmark progress against performance on standardized tests. If your child takes the SSAT or ISEE or the PSAT, you can compare her grades to the scores. If your student is achieving only average scores on the standardized test but is receiving all As, educational institutions might see this as a discrepancy or a red flag.   Middle School vs High School Transcripts When creating a middle school transcript for the purpose of applying to a traditional secondary school, you likely have a little more flexibility than you might with a high school transcript. In some instances, comments can be used, and can even replace having the standard grades, though some schools may be resistant to comment-only transcripts. For private schools, a comment transcript without grades may be accepted, provided that the student excels on the standardized tests for admission, such as the SSAT or ISEE. Showing grades and/or comments for the past 2 to 3 years may be appropriate, but check with the secondary or middle school you’re applying to, just to be sure, as some may require more than four years of results. But, when it comes to high school, your format needs to be a bit more official. Be sure to include all the courses the student has taken, credits earned from each and the grades received. Stick to the high school studies; many parents believe that adding in high-achieving results from all courses taken in middle school can be a bonus, but the truth is, colleges only want to see high school level courses. If there are high school level courses taken in the middle school years, you should include them to show that the course was fulfilled appropriately, but only include high school level courses. Include the Relevant Facts In general, your transcript should include the following information: Student’s nameDate of birthHome addressPhone numberDate of graduationThe name of your homeschoolCourses taken and credits earned for each along with the grades receivedTotal credits and GPAA grading scaleA place for you to sign and date the transcript It’s important to note that you should not use the transcript as a place to add details or explanations about grade changes or to explain difficulties in a former school. There is often a place within the school’s application for the parent and/or the student to reflect on past challenges, obstacles they have overcome, and why there may be significant jumps in performance within the transcript. As for your transcript, try to focus on data.   Creating an official transcript can be a lot of work, but if you are organized when it comes to your program offerings and diligently track and record your students progress year to year, creating an effective transcript for your child is easy.

Postural Changes associated with Pregnancy Literature review

Postural Changes associated with Pregnancy - Literature review Example But the curve of lumbar spine increases for most of the pregnant women during the last three months of pregnancy or a swayback posture is taken up by the body where they lean their upper body backward and the lower spine maintains the same position. Abdominal muscles and pubic bones in front of the pelvis support the weight of growing fetus as the curve of the lower spine increase and in the case of bodies which adopt the swayback position; pelvic ligaments and pelvic floor muscles experience more pressure because here the push is behind pubic bones. Most of the pregnant women keep their head back ward in order to balance their body from the forward pull exerted by the growing abdomen and as a result of which the thoracic spine loses its natural curve. The proximity of uterus to the respiratory diaphragm makes it difficult to take deep breath as the fetus grows and body uses an adjustment mechanism of spreading the lower ribs outward in order to make the process of breathing easier. Yet another change that takes place during pregnancy is in locomotion which is observable mainly during the third trimester. ... e â€Å"faulty body mechanisms† as the reason for back pain associated with pregnancy and according to him body changes its posture during pregnancy â€Å"to compensate for the weight of an enlarging fetus and to offset the progressive anterior displacement of their center of gravity. In so doing, the lumbar spine assumes a more lordotic configuration and the pelvis tilts forward† (Loftus 1996, p. 65). The weight-bearing responsibility is shifted to the posterior articular elements of the vertebral column. Mechanical advantages of the paraspinal muscles and the anterior abdominal wall muscles decreases as result of the pressure exerted on them and stress sacroiliac joints and the pelvis as the fetus grows. Abnormal mechanics of ambulation and lifting are observed as a result of the anatomical configuration changes in the spine and pelvis (Loftus 1996, p. 65). Loftus finds the role of a postural etiology as a support providing factor for most of the pregnancy related bac k pain theories which is contradicted by the hypothesis put forward by Fast et al and Hansson et al where the former support the Fahrni’s postural theory and his observations of absence of back pain in primitive societies where the people maintained a flexed lumbar structure for long periods during the day and the findings of the latter which argues that there is no relationship between back pain and the curvature of vertebral column. On the other hand, there are experts who believe that back pain originates as a result of changes which take place in sacroiliac joints and pelvis during pregnancy and Christopher observes that â€Å"biochemical changes related to increased ligamentous laxity in the symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joints contribute to a sacroiliac pain syndrome† (Loftus 1996, p. 65). Many